perf(tree): add cross-block caching

[Rjected]

This adds cross-block caching, just keeping the most recent cache in memory for reuse. The cached state provider has a save_caches method which applies state updates to the account and storage caches.

When we implement prewarming, we will need to stop and clean up the prewarm threads before saving the caches. It's probably a good idea to do this anyways before the state root task starts, since we should be done prewarming when execution finishes.

ref #13713