feat: Add optional maxDistance to raycast (flame-engine#2012)

This PR adds an optional parameter to raycast API called maxDistance. Using this parameter users can control the limit within which raycast scans for hits.

doc/flame/collision_detection.md

@@ -346,6 +346,10 @@ extra information like the distance, the normal and the reflection ray. The seco
 works similarly but sends out multiple rays uniformly around the origin, or within an angle
 centered at the origin.
 
+By default, `raycast` and `raycastAll` scan for the nearest hit irrespective of how far it lies from
+the ray origin. But in some use cases, it might be interesting to find hits only within a certain
+range. For such cases, an optional `maxDistance` can be provided.
+
 To use the ray casting functionality you have to have the `HasCollisionDetection` mixin on your
 game. After you have added that you can call `collisionDetection.raycast(...)` on your game class.
 

examples/lib/stories/collision_detection/collision_detection.dart

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ import 'package:examples/stories/collision_detection/multiple_shapes_example.dar
 import 'package:examples/stories/collision_detection/quadtree_example.dart';
 import 'package:examples/stories/collision_detection/raycast_example.dart';
 import 'package:examples/stories/collision_detection/raycast_light_example.dart';
+import 'package:examples/stories/collision_detection/raycast_max_distance_example.dart';
 import 'package:examples/stories/collision_detection/raytrace_example.dart';
 import 'package:flame/game.dart';
 
@@ -60,5 +61,12 @@ void addCollisionDetectionStories(Dashbook dashbook) {
       (_) => GameWidget(game: RaytraceExample()),
       codeLink: baseLink('collision_detection/raytrace_example.dart'),
       info: RaytraceExample.description,
+    )
+    ..add(
+      'Raycasting Max Distance',
+      (_) => GameWidget(game: RaycastMaxDistanceExample()),
+      codeLink:
+          baseLink('collision_detection/raycast_max_distance_example.dart'),
+      info: RaycastMaxDistanceExample.description,
     );
 }

examples/lib/stories/collision_detection/raycast_max_distance_example.dart

@@ -0,0 +1,132 @@
+import 'package:flame/collisions.dart';
+import 'package:flame/components.dart';
+import 'package:flame/effects.dart';
+import 'package:flame/extensions.dart';
+import 'package:flame/game.dart';
+import 'package:flame/geometry.dart';
+import 'package:flame/palette.dart';
+import 'package:flutter/material.dart';
+
+class RaycastMaxDistanceExample extends FlameGame with HasCollisionDetection {
+  static const description = '''
+This examples showcases how raycast APIs can be used to detect hits within certain range.
+''';
+
+  static const _maxDistance = 50.0;
+
+  late Ray2 _ray;
+  late _Character _character;
+  final _result = RaycastResult<ShapeHitbox>();
+
+  final _text = TextComponent(
+    text: "Hey! Who's there?",
+    anchor: Anchor.center,
+    textRenderer: TextPaint(
+      style: const TextStyle(
+        fontSize: 8,
+        color: Colors.amber,
+      ),
+    ),
+  )..positionType = PositionType.viewport;
+
+  @override
+  Future<void>? onLoad() {
+    camera.viewport = FixedResolutionViewport(Vector2(320, 180));
+
+    _addMovingWall();
+
+    add(
+      _character = _Character(
+        maxDistance: _maxDistance,
+        position: size / 2 - Vector2(50, 0),
+        anchor: Anchor.center,
+      ),
+    );
+
+    _text.position = _character.position - Vector2(0, 50);
+
+    _ray = Ray2(
+      origin: _character.absolutePosition,
+      direction: Vector2(1, 0),
+    );
+
+    return super.onLoad();
+  }
+
+  void _addMovingWall() {
+    add(
+      RectangleComponent(
+        position: size / 2,
+        size: Vector2(20, 40),
+        anchor: Anchor.center,
+        paint: BasicPalette.red.paint(),
+        children: [
+          RectangleHitbox(),
+          MoveByEffect(
+            Vector2(50, 0),
+            EffectController(
+              duration: 2,
+              alternate: true,
+              infinite: true,
+            ),
+          ),
+        ],
+      ),
+    );
+  }
+
+  @override
+  void update(double dt) {
+    collisionDetection.raycast(_ray, maxDistance: _maxDistance, out: _result);
+    if (_result.isActive) {
+      if (!camera.shaking) {
+        camera.shake(duration: 0.2, intensity: 1);
+      }
+      if (!_text.isMounted) {
+        add(_text);
+      }
+    } else {
+      _text.removeFromParent();
+    }
+    super.update(dt);
+  }
+}
+
+class _Character extends PositionComponent {
+  _Character({required this.maxDistance, super.position, super.anchor});
+
+  final double maxDistance;
+
+  final _rayOriginPoint = Offset.zero;
+  late final _rayEndPoint = Offset(maxDistance, 0);
+  final _rayPaint = BasicPalette.gray.paint();
+
+  @override
+  Future<void>? onLoad() async {
+    add(
+      CircleComponent(
+        radius: 20,
+        anchor: Anchor.center,
+        paint: BasicPalette.green.paint(),
+      )..scale = Vector2(0.55, 1),
+    );
+    add(
+      CircleComponent(
+        radius: 10,
+        anchor: Anchor.center,
+        paint: _rayPaint,
+      ),
+    );
+    add(
+      RectangleComponent(
+        size: Vector2(10, 3),
+        position: Vector2(12, 5),
+      ),
+    );
+  }
+
+  @override
+  void render(Canvas canvas) {
+    canvas.drawLine(_rayOriginPoint, _rayEndPoint, _rayPaint);
+  }
+}

packages/flame/lib/src/collisions/collision_detection.dart

@@ -71,6 +71,9 @@ abstract class CollisionDetection<T extends Hitbox<T>,
   /// Returns the first hitbox that the given [ray] hits and the associated
   /// intersection information; or null if the ray doesn't hit any hitbox.
   ///
+  /// [maxDistance] can be provided to limit the raycast to only return hits
+  /// within this distance from the ray origin.
+  ///
   /// [ignoreHitboxes] can be used if you want to ignore certain hitboxes, i.e.
   /// the rays will go straight through them. For example the hitbox of the
   /// component that you might be casting the rays from.
@@ -79,6 +82,7 @@ abstract class CollisionDetection<T extends Hitbox<T>,
   /// result.
   RaycastResult<T>? raycast(
     Ray2 ray, {
+    double? maxDistance,
     List<T>? ignoreHitboxes,
     RaycastResult<T>? out,
   });
@@ -88,6 +92,9 @@ abstract class CollisionDetection<T extends Hitbox<T>,
   /// the rays hit.
   /// [numberOfRays] is the number of rays that should be casted.
   ///
+  /// [maxDistance] can be provided to limit the raycasts to only return hits
+  /// within this distance from the ray origin.
+  ///
   /// If the [rays] argument is provided its [Ray2]s are populated with the rays
   /// needed to perform the operation.
   /// If there are less objects in [rays] than the operation requires, the
@@ -105,6 +112,7 @@ abstract class CollisionDetection<T extends Hitbox<T>,
     required int numberOfRays,
     double startAngle = 0,
     double sweepAngle = tau,
+    double? maxDistance,
     List<Ray2>? rays,
     List<T>? ignoreHitboxes,
     List<RaycastResult<T>>? out,

packages/flame/lib/src/collisions/standard_collision_detection.dart

@@ -67,6 +67,7 @@ class StandardCollisionDetection<B extends Broadphase<ShapeHitbox>>
   @override
   RaycastResult<ShapeHitbox>? raycast(
     Ray2 ray, {
+    double? maxDistance,
     List<ShapeHitbox>? ignoreHitboxes,
     RaycastResult<ShapeHitbox>? out,
   }) {
@@ -80,7 +81,8 @@ class StandardCollisionDetection<B extends Broadphase<ShapeHitbox>>
       final possiblyFirstResult = !(finalResult?.isActive ?? false);
       if (currentResult != null &&
           (possiblyFirstResult ||
-              currentResult.distance! < finalResult!.distance!)) {
+              currentResult.distance! < finalResult!.distance!) &&
+          (currentResult.distance! <= (maxDistance ?? double.infinity))) {
         if (finalResult == null) {
           finalResult = currentResult.clone();
         } else {
@@ -97,6 +99,7 @@ class StandardCollisionDetection<B extends Broadphase<ShapeHitbox>>
     required int numberOfRays,
     double startAngle = 0,
     double sweepAngle = tau,
+    double? maxDistance,
     List<Ray2>? rays,
     List<ShapeHitbox>? ignoreHitboxes,
     List<RaycastResult<ShapeHitbox>>? out,
@@ -126,7 +129,12 @@ class StandardCollisionDetection<B extends Broadphase<ShapeHitbox>>
         result = RaycastResult();
         out?.add(result);
       }
-      result = raycast(ray, ignoreHitboxes: ignoreHitboxes, out: result);
+      result = raycast(
+        ray,
+        maxDistance: maxDistance,
+        ignoreHitboxes: ignoreHitboxes,
+        out: result,
+      );
 
       if (result != null) {
         results.add(result);

packages/flame/test/collisions/collision_detection_test.dart

@@ -926,6 +926,38 @@ void main() {
           closeToVector(Vector2(1, -1)..normalize()),
         );
       },
+      'raycast with maxDistance': (game) async {
+        game.ensureAddAll([
+          PositionComponent(
+            position: Vector2.all(20),
+            size: Vector2.all(40),
+            children: [RectangleHitbox()],
+          ),
+        ]);
+        await game.ready();
+        final ray = Ray2(
+          origin: Vector2.all(10),
+          direction: Vector2.all(1)..normalize(),
+        );
+
+        final result = RaycastResult<ShapeHitbox>();
+
+        // No hit cast
+        game.collisionDetection.raycast(
+          ray,
+          maxDistance: Vector2.all(9).length,
+          out: result,
+        );
+        expect(result.hitbox?.parent, isNull);
+
+        // Extended cast
+        game.collisionDetection.raycast(
+          ray,
+          maxDistance: Vector2.all(10).length,
+          out: result,
+        );
+        expect(result.hitbox?.parent, game.children.first);
+      },
     });
 
     group('Rectangle hitboxes', () {
@@ -1209,6 +1241,44 @@ void main() {
           expect(results.every((r) => r.isActive), isTrue);
           expect(results.length, 4);
         },
+        'raycastAll with maxDistance': (game) async {
+          game.ensureAddAll([
+            PositionComponent(
+              position: Vector2(10, 0),
+              size: Vector2.all(10),
+            )..add(RectangleHitbox()),
+            PositionComponent(
+              position: Vector2(20, 10),
+              size: Vector2.all(10),
+            )..add(RectangleHitbox()),
+            PositionComponent(
+              position: Vector2(10, 20),
+              size: Vector2.all(10),
+            )..add(RectangleHitbox()),
+            PositionComponent(
+              position: Vector2(0, 10),
+              size: Vector2.all(10),
+            )..add(RectangleHitbox()),
+          ]);
+          await game.ready();
+          final origin = Vector2.all(15);
+
+          // No hit
+          final results1 = game.collisionDetection.raycastAll(
+            origin,
+            maxDistance: 4,
+            numberOfRays: 4,
+          );
+          expect(results1.length, isZero);
+
+          // Hit all four
+          final results2 = game.collisionDetection.raycastAll(
+            origin,
+            maxDistance: 5,
+            numberOfRays: 4,
+          );
+          expect(results2.length, 4);
+        },
       });
     });